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The Mountaineers recommend you have these 10 items in your pack at all times, and they are widely known by seasoned mountain climbers as the Ten Essentials.

1. Map
   Always have a detailed topographic map of the area where you are hiking. It should be made of a waterproof material, or should be carried in a waterproof pouch or cover.

2. Compass
   Each member of the group should carry their own compass, in case some people get separated. Take some time to learn how to use a map and compass before you venture out!

3. Sunglasses & Sunscreen
   Protecting yourself from the Sun is critical, and don't forget your eyes! While exposure to the sun at higher elevations can burn your skin and be uncomfortable, exposing your unprotected retinas to the sunlight, especially in a field of snow, can give you headaches and even cause permanent damage. Be sure your sunglasses filter out at least 95% of Ultraviolet light. Your sunscreen should have an SPF rating of at least 15.

4. Extra Food
   Even if you're just going on a short day hike, you should always carry emergency food in case you become lost or injured. Bring alond one day's worth of food for each person. Make sure it can be eaten without being cooked, is easily digested, and can keep for a long time. Nuts, dried fruit, granola, jerky, and even energy bars work well.

5. Extra Clothing
   Even if you think you're out for a Gilliganesque 3-hour tour, you never know when some unexpected event (e.g. injury, illness, getting lost, bad weather) might require an emergency bivouac. If this happens, you'll find yourself sitting or lying around, and will need more clothing to stay warm, or even to stay dry. What you bring depends on the climate and weather where you are hiking-- bring along what you think will get you through a worst-case scenario. An extra layer of underwear is a good idea-- it adds warmth without adding a lot of weight to your pack. Also make sure you have some waterproof clothing to keep you dry.

6. Headlamp/Flashlight
   You may never user a flashlight or headlamp, but if you do ever get delayed on the trail, you will thank yourself a thousand times for bringing it along. Don't forget an extra set a batteries!

7. First-aid Supplies
   Be sure to have a first aid kit in your pack containing items for treating common trail injuries such as cuts, scrapes, blisters, etc.

8. Matches
   Water-proof matches are a must. If you find yourself with an injured member of your part who cannot be moved, you may need to light a signal fire.

9. Fire starter
   Help get that emergency fire started with something that burns easily. A candle is an excellent idea.

10. Knife
    You should always have a pocket knife with you. A multi-blade knife, such as a Swiss Army model, can be useful in many unexpected situations.

Additional Required Items: